New sterically-hindered o-quinones annelated with metal-dithiolates: regiospecificity in oxidative addition reactions of a bifacial ligand to the Pd and Pt complexes.

An unusual reactivity of sterically hindered o-quinones with an annelated dithiete ring towards coordination at a dithiolene site has been discovered. New Pd and Pt dithiolate complexes have been synthesized. The reaction proceeds regioselectively, and the quinone site of the parent ligand is not affected even while using an excess of the metal complex. Both Pt and Pd complexes display a square planar surrounding for the metal ion and have very similar NMR, IR and UV/Vis spectra. Surprisingly, being coordinated at the dithiolene site to the metal, the ligand exhibits activity like an o-quinone, it could be reduced with different metals resulting in the corresponding o-semiquinonates which were confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. It was shown that an unpaired electron exhibits HFC with the phosphorus nuclei of phosphine ligands coordinated to the metal ions at the dithiolene site of the molecule.

[On classification of medicinal diets].

The article touches upon the questions of classification of medicinal diets. The major attention is given the system of diets, made on the basis of "numer" diets first proposed by M. Pevzner. The system is based on the daily food sets for patients, who are grouped into profile units of hospitals on nosologic principle. In the author's opinion, this system allows to use in diets more widely and differently of foods, from the sets, which envisages big effectiviness of dietary nutrition at its high organoliptic quality.

[Principle stages of scientific activity of the clinics for dietary nutrition affiliated to the Institute of Nutrition within 1930-2005 years].

The article gives a brief account of activities of clinics for dietary nutrition affiliated to the Institute of Nutrition within 1930-2005 years.

[System approach and system analysis in dietology]. / Sistemnyi podkhod i sistemnyi analiz v dietologii.

There is analysis of using of two variants of the auto-program of dietotherapy in the article: numeric system and basis system. They belong the same kind of building type, but are different in the type of functioning principle. Numeric system is built upon nosological principle taking into consideration the clinicopathogenetic features of disease. The basic diets built upon metabolic principle that a matter is adaptation of chemical content, alimentary and food value of diet for concrete mechanism of metabolic disturbance. At the same time metabolic conveyor is considered as system organization of the separate functional systems that are in the permanent dynamic and the interacting with each other. This organization is combined on the principle of auto regulation and set in correction and recovery of disturbed homeostasis as a whole. Selection of practical using of mentioned principles of diets is a right of the specialist-dieitian. Auto-program of diet building should help him in that and simplify the organization of dietotherapy.

[Concept of balanced nutrition and it's significance in studying the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of food]. / Kontseptsiia sbalansirovannogo pitaniia i ee znachenie v izuchenii mekhanizmov lechebnogo deistviia pishchi.

In the article the data of study of mechanism of remedial effect of food are presented. The main attention is given to the concept of the balanced nutrition as the basic theory of modern nutritionogy, including a diet treatment.

[Juices in therapeutic-prophylactic nutrition]. / Soki v lechebno-profilakticheskom pitanii.

The main aspects of using juices with therapeutic and prophylactic purposes are demonstrated. Multifactorial influence of vegetable and fruit juices on the organism, primarily depends on their chemical composition. The necessity of their differentiated use basing not only nosological unity, but also on the degree of functional and metabolic disorders taking place in certain pathology is emphasized. Different juices are characterized in respect to the effect on different functional systems of the body. The new line in research is the ability of juices to change pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicines given with juices. The importance of juices as a necessary element of therapeutic and healthy nutrition in case of their using in adequate amounts is emphasized.

[Study of metabolic and clinical effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 from "Eicovit" in patients with ischemic heart disease and familial hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Izuchenie kliniko-metabolicheskikh éffektov PNZhK omega-3, soderzhashchikhsia v "Eikovite", u bol'nikh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa i semeinymi giperlipoproteidemiiami.

The influence of antiatherosclerotic diet with including 15 g preparation "Eikovit" containing fat of freshwater fish on fat acid composition of erythrocytes membrane was studied in 399 patients with ishemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Against a background of positive influence on clinical symptoms of diseases, lipids of blood serum, homeostasis expressed influence of PUFA omega-3 in "Eikovit" on biomembrane fat acid composition was noted. It was shown sharp increasing a quota an eicosapentaenic acid by simultaneous reducing PUFA omega-6 level.

Highly absorptive coating for the vacuum ultraviolet range.

We have developed new, highly absorptive coatings for the vacuum UV wavelength range. These coatings display two distinct granularity scales: large structures of a 10-100-microm scale form efficient light traps, upon which are superimposed structures of a submicrometer scale. We present results for the total hemispherical reflectivity at normal incidence for 121.6 nm and at a grazing angle incidence for 17.1, 30.4, 58.4, and 121.6 nm. These measurements were made for the new coatings as well as for various coatings in common use. Absorption of the new coatings is in some cases higher than for the best-known coatings and, in contrast to the latter, they are mechanically robust.

[Clinical and metabolic effects of biological active food additives--phospholipids--in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Izuchenie kliniko-metabolicheskikh éffektov biologicheski aktivnoi dobavki k pishche--fosfolipidov--u bol'nykh serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

Uses of new phospholipid-containing food supplement 'Tonus' in patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipoproteinemia or hypertension during 4 weeks promoted positive changes clinical symptoms of diseases against a background of lowering of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and increasing of HDLP-cholesterol and improving liver function.

[Effect of antiatherosclerotic diet, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family from flax oil, on fatty acid composition of cell membranes of patients with ischemic heart disease. Hypertensive disease and hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Vliianie protivoateroskleroticheskoi diety, soderzhashchei polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty semeistva omega-3 l'nianogo masla, bol'nykh ishemischekoi bolezn'iu i giperlipoproteidemiiami.

Use flax oil as a vegetative source of PUFA omega-3 in diet of patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and high blood pressure resulted in positive dynamic of clinical manifestation, blood lipids and coagulograms of the patient. Pronounced influence on membrane lipids of erythrocytes was revealed: significantly increased a quota an linolenic, eicosapentaenic and docosahexaenic PUFA against a background of reducing a level of linoleic acid.

[Nutrition in the pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of digestive system diseases]. / Pitanie v patogeneze, terapii i profilaktike zabolevanii sistemy pishchevareniia.

The role of nutrition in the pathogenesis, therapy, and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases is discussed. Although nutrition is not a leading cause of most gastrointestinal diseases, the role of nutrition in their pathogenesis is very great. Nutritional monitoring of the Russian Federation's population has revealed a shortage of many essential nutrients to be consumed, which may result in worsening of various gastrointestinal diseases. The most promising way of solving this problem is to supplement their diets with biologically active additives (Nutricevtics) which may be a main source of essential nutrients, such as vitamins B, beta-carotene and omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[Comparative evaluation of hypolipidemic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated acids and lipostabil]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka gipolipidemicheskogo deistviia polinenasyshchennykh zirnykh kislot omega-3 i lipopstabila.

Comparative effect of eiconol (resource of omega-3 PUFA) and lipostabil on lipid, biochemical, hemostatic parameters in blood and activity of lipolytic enzymes in thrombocytes and monocytes was studied in 18 clinic patients with ischemic heart disease fed antiatherosclerotic diet during 2 weeks. On basis of these parameters was concluded that eiconol and lipostabil showed the strong hypolipidemic effect. Fibrinolytic effect showed only eiconol. The results showed that hypolipidemic and fibrinolytic actions more strong at treatment by eiconol.

[Clinico-biochemical validation of the use of PUFA omega-3 in patients with ischemic heart disease, familial hyperlipoproteinemias and hypertension]. / Kliniko-biokhimicheskoe obosnovanie primeneniia PNZhK omega-3 u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa, semeinymi giperlipoproteidemiiami i gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The effectivity of diet AI, containing 20 g of fish oil eiconol, for patients suffering with ischemic heart disease, family hyperlipidemia and hypertension were checked. It was concluded that treatment with eiconol is recommended during 4 weeks 2-3 times per year in dose of 3-6 capsules 3 times a day depending on degree of lipids metabolism and hemocoagulation disturbances.

[Marine fish oil in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. / Zhir morskikh ryb v profilaktike i lechenii serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii.

Diets containing different ratios of omega 6: omega 3- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were studied for their hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic, thrombolytic, and antihypertensive effects in 448 patients with coronary heart disease, familial hyperlipoproteinemia, essential hypertension. Optimizing the omega 6: omega 3-PUFA ratios in the antiatherosclerotic diet of patients with cardiovascular diseases during inpatient course treatment was found to promote the formation of combined therapeutical effects of a diet. This is caused by changes in the fatty acid composition of cytomembranes and, apparently by lipid-protein interactions that affect the activity of a complex of lipolytic membrane-binding enzymes of different types of cells.

[Effects of diet containing polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and different doses of vitamin E on the activity of lipid peroxidation in patients with hypertension]. / Izuchenie vliianiia diety, soderzhashchei polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty omega-3 i razlichnye dozy vitamina E, na aktivnost' protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

Change in lipid peroxidation processes (POL) have been studied in 32 patient with II degree hypertension disease after treatment by diet containing 20 g fish oil (eiconol) and 12.5 or 125 mg of vitamin E. The treatment with diet containing high level of PUFA did not cause increasing activity of POL. The treatment with diet AIM-125 containing high amount of vitamin E had not significant positive effect on clinical symptoms of hypertension and had no advantages in comparison with diet AIM-12.5 which ratio vitamin E:PUFA omega-3 was 2.5 mg:1mg.

[Cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease with varying supplies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]. / Obmen kholesterina u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa pri razlichnom obespechenii polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami semeistva omega-3.

Patients with ischemic heart disease and with hyperlipidemia of the IIa, IIb and IV types as well as not exhibiting any pronounced alterations in cholesterol metabolism were treated with various amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) introduced into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet: 1 group--content of the essential factor 0.2 g/day, 2 group--increased content of natural products with PUFA up to 1 g/day, 3 group--increased PUFA content due to the drug "euconol" 5 g/day. Administration of the PUFA omega-3 into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet contributed to development of adequate clinico-biochemical alterations; under these conditions content of alpha-cholesterol in blood correlated directly to concentration of polyunsaturated cholesterol esters and PUFA omega-3 (eicosapentaenate and docosahexaenate) as well as reverse correlation was found between content of total cholesterol and these molecular forms of cholesterol esters studied. Enrichment of the diet with PUFA omega-3 did not cause any alterations in content of primary bile acids in blood thus suggesting that PUFA omega-3 did not affect the cholesterol catabolism. These data enabled us to plot the graph for individual evaluation of cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease involving alterations in the spectrum of esterified cholesterols in blood before and after the treatment course.

[Characteristics of the humoral immune system and lipid peroxidation processes in people living in territories contaminated with radionuclides]. / Kharakteristika sistemy gumoral'nogo immuniteta i protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov u lits, prozhivaiushchikh na territoriakh, zagriaznennykh radionuklidami.

Among 33 patients with Stage II hypertension, 25 persons were inhabitants of the Russian radionuclide-contaminated areas and 8 patients had no prior contacts with ionizing radiation (control). All the patients examined were maintained within 4 weeks on a diet, radioprotective effect of which was realized due to the elevated content of sulfur containing amino acids, antioxidants and complexes. In the patients who lived in the radionuclide-contaminated areas, a moderate activation of lipid peroxidation was detected simultaneously with marked alterations in the humoral component of the immunity system, which involved a considerable increase in the levels of IgG and complements C3 and C4. A decrease in content of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates as well as normalization of IgG and decrease in content of IgA, IgM and C3 were observed in blood plasma of the patients on diet. Supplementation of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3-PUFA), 5 g/day and alpha-tocopherol, 12.5 mg/day, to the diet elevated the serum concentrations of all lg classes, which suggests the presence of an immunomodulating effect of omega 3-PUFA. Moreover, the content of malonic dialdehyde was not increased in blood plasma if 3-PUFA was used. Hence, increased alpha-tocopherol levels should be used in the treatment of these patients with omega 3-PUFA (up to 5-7 mg per g PUFA) in order to stabilize lipid peroxidation.